Paul, the Apostle of Jesus Christ, is the author of 2 Corinthians, writing to the believers in the city of Corinth around AD 55 or 56. Corinth was a bustling trading hub located on a narrow land bridge (called the Isthmus of Corinth) between mainland Greece and the Peloponnese. This location made Corinth a center of both commerce and diverse cultural influence. Paul had already written a previous letter (1 Corinthians) to address significant problems within the church, but new developments prompted him to compose this second letter in order to encourage the believers, confront ongoing challenges, and defend his apostleship.

The primary issues Paul addresses include disputes over his credibility as an apostle and the unwavering truth of his ministry. False messengers were casting doubt on his leadership, prompting Paul to remind the Corinthians of his genuine concern for their spiritual growth and his sacrificial ministry on their behalf. In doing so, Paul offers insight into the hardships he faced, explaining that trials and weaknesses serve to display Christ’s strength rather than overshadow it. Reassuring the church that his motives are honorable and his message is God-given, Paul makes a passionate appeal for them to follow through on the instructions he has given previously.

In his letter, Paul also returns to the topic of Christian charity, encouraging believers to confidently participate in collections for struggling congregations. This reflects the care churches are meant to show one another, crossing geographic and social boundaries to demonstrate solidarity in Christ. Paul's call to “walk by faith, not by sight” (2 Corinthians 5:7) remains a hallmark reminder that faith in God underpins the Christian life and provides hope in difficult seasons.

Another central theme of 2 Corinthians is reconciliation—between believers and God, as well as among the Corinthians themselves. Paul underscores that followers of Christ become new creatures, equipped to serve as ambassadors of reconciliation in the world. This emphasis on unity, selflessness, and unwavering faith in adversity provided a foundational reminder for the Corinthian church to persevere and remain steadfast in their devotion. Through these instructions, Paul models both pastoral care and courageous leadership in the face of opposition, instructing believers then and now in how to stand firm in challenging circumstances.