1 Peter Commentary

The Book of 1 Peter was written by the Apostle Peter, one of Jesus’ closest followers. Scholars generally date this letter to the early 60s AD. It was addressed to believers scattered across regions in Asia Minor, including Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and Bithynia. These locations now lie within modern-day Turkey, a vast area spanning varied landscapes, from coastal plains along the Black Sea to mountainous regions inland. At the time, these areas were under the rule of the Roman Empire, which was led by Emperor Nero from AD 54 to AD 68.

Peter wrote this letter to Jewish and Gentile Christians who were facing persecution and suffering because of their faith. He emphasized hope amid hardships, reminding them that trials refine faith and lead to spiritual maturity. To encourage them, Peter wrote, “In this you greatly rejoice, even though now for a little while, if necessary, you have been distressed by various trials” (1 Peter 1:6). Through these words, Peter focused on the transformative power of suffering when endured in obedience to God.

Another major theme of 1 Peter is the call to live uprightly in a hostile culture. Peter explained that believers are “a chosen race, a royal priesthood, a holy nation” (1 Peter 2:9). This identity calls believers to display distinctive behavior toward others, including submission to government authorities and mutual respect within the Christian community. Even though their true citizenship is in heaven, Peter encouraged them to be model citizens on earth, sharing Christ’s love with those around them.

From start to finish, 1 Peter reminds believers that God’s grace sustains them in every situation. Peter exhorted his readers to stand firm, love one another fervently, and hold fast to the hope of eternal glory. By remaining faithful under Emperor Nero’s reign, they highlighted God’s power rather than succumbing to fear. Their steadfast trust was—and still is—an example of how to endure persecution while keeping eyes fixed on the living hope found in Jesus Christ.