1 Corinthians 4:1-5 reminds the Corinthians of Paul’s role as a servant to God who communicates God’s word. He has been assigned this role by God, teaching some of what has been revealed of God’s mysterious plans—the Gospel. Paul is not concerned with what other men think of him; he is not in the business of people-pleasing. He tries to be obedient in all things so that Jesus will approve of him when judgment day comes. It is not the opinion of man, or even Paul’s own opinion of himself, that matters. Jesus will judge and decide how faithful Paul has been. Because of this, the Corinthians should not judge other men, but should only value God’s judgment.

1 Corinthians 4:6-7 warns against the favoritism and factionalism that has emerged in the Corinthian church. Rather than picking sides about which teacher they follow and arrogantly dividing themselves against one another, they should look to the written scriptures and follow them. They have nothing to brag about or feel superior about; God gave them salvation as a free gift. They did not earn it. The Corinthians need to become united in trying to please God, rather than creating cliques and looking down on one another.

1 Corinthians 4:8-13 uses sarcasm to bring a reality check to the Corinthians. They act as if they are fully mature, are spiritually wealthy, and are like kings in Christ’s kingdom already. Paul contrasts their haughtiness with the hardships of life as an apostle. God’s chosen messengers live like the least important people on earth: poor, homeless, hard-working, hungry, and fated to die for their faith. This is their calling because God wants to use them as an example of obedience and perseverance, something even the angels are intrigued by, since men live by faith, and angels live by sight. Paul notes that despite the sufferings of being an apostle, the apostles treat those who persecute them with kindness, though the world looks down on them like they are totally worthless.

1 Corinthians 4:14-21 clarifies that Paul is not trying to cut the Corinthians down, he is trying to wake them up out of their arrogance and show them the healthy way to live. He appeals to the fact that he is their “father in the faith,” the one who first taught them the gospel and built up their church, and hopes that they will copy his example instead of being led astray by false teaching. Paul has sent this letter with Timothy to prepare the Corinthians for Paul’s visit; Timothy will remind the Corinthians of the basics of Christianity and of what Paul teaches. Those who are arrogant act like Paul won’t come and hold them accountable, but Paul is surely coming. He will sort out those who are proud and teaching lies. He offers the Corinthians a choice to repent now so that Paul’s visit can be pleasant, or the choice to persist in their arrogance and receive Paul’s correction in person.