Timeline of Old Testament Books

Our Timeline of Old Testament Books offers a helpful lens for understanding the historical and cultural contexts in which each biblical book was written. Though the books collectively narrate God’s unfolding work among His people, placing them in their probable eras of authorship allows us to see how His message was uniquely shaped by the events and circumstances of the time. From Moses’ foundational writings in the wilderness to the post-exilic prophecies of rebuilding and renewal, each era conveys a fresh glimpse of God’s unchanging character. By considering the approximate dates of composition, we gain deeper insight into the progression of revelation, recognizing how the Holy Spirit spoke consistently through diverse voices and circumstances to ultimately reveal God’s redemptive plan for humanity.

1030 BC

Ruth

The book of Ruth follows the story of a Moabite woman named Ruth who marries an Israelite man who later dies, leaving her a widow with few resources. While the easy route would have been to return to her family and find a Moabite husband, Ruth commits to remain with her Israelite mother—in-law and joins her on the journey back to her home in Israel. Ruth is a model of courage and character, as she continually works to provide for herself and her mother—in-law. Boaz, a relation of Ruth’s late husband, enters the scene and provides for Ruth, taking note of her character and care for her mother—in-law. Ruth is an incredible example to us as someone who forsook an old life for a new one, lived courageously and faithfully, and was greatly rewarded in the end. The book of Ruth also presents the idea of a kinsman-redeemer, a close relative or relationship that is able to provide immense, immeasurable benefits to another person. Boaz serves as a kinsman-redeemer, and also sacrifices for the benefit of Ruth and her mother—in-law Naomi. Boaz and Ruth are both rewarded for their faithful service by being the great grandparents of King David. That places them in the direct lineage of Jesus Christ, who serves as a kinsman-redeemer for all of mankind. Ruth is ultimately an example of a godly wife (Ephesians 5:22-24) and also of the relationship all believers should have with Christ. She was virtuous and faithful while serving others. She was subject to Boaz and submitted herself to his leadership. Boaz also made a great sacrifice which provided immeasurable benefit to Ruth. This kind of marriage is a picture of our relationship with Christ. Christ is our leader and ultimately our redeemer and savior, who sacrificed himself for us. Our faithfulness to him is for our good. Just as Ruth’s sacrifices and faithfulness to Boaz resulted in him acting as her kinsman-redeemer and providing her great reward, so our faithfulness and submission to Christ will result in our reward (Revelation 3:21).

  1. 2000 BC — Job
  2. 1555 BC — Genesis
  3. 1500 BC — Exodus
  4. 1467 BC — Numbers
  5. 1450 BC — Leviticus
  6. 1445 BC — Deuteronomy
  7. 1405 BC — Joshua
  8. 1043 BC — Judges
  9. 1030 BC — Ruth
  10. 1010 BC — Psalms
  11. 971 BC — Proverbs
  12. 971 BC — Song of Solomon
  13. 940 BC — Ecclesiastes
  14. 931 BC — 1 Samuel
  15. 900 BC — 2 Samuel
  16. 850 BC — Obadiah
  17. 835 BC — Joel
  18. 775 BC — Jonah
  19. 750 BC — Hosea
  20. 750 BC — Amos
  21. 735 BC — Micah
  22. 700 BC — Isaiah
  23. 650 BC — Nahum
  24. 635 BC — Zephaniah
  25. 615 BC — Habakkuk
  26. 590 BC — Ezekiel
  27. 587 BC — Lamentations
  28. 586 BC — Jeremiah
  29. 561 BC — 1 Kings
  30. 538 BC — 2 Kings
  31. 536 BC — Daniel
  32. 520 BC — Haggai
  33. 480 BC — Zechariah
  34. 457 BC — Ezra
  35. 450 BC — Esther
  36. 450 BC — 1 Chronicles
  37. 433 BC — Malachi
  38. 430 BC — 2 Chronicles
  39. 424 BC — Nehemiah