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Timeline of Old Testament Events

Our Old Testament timeline offers believers a valuable roadmap for navigating the vast and storied landscape of Scripture’s earliest narratives. By situating key events and figures in a clear chronological framework, we gain fresh perspective on how God orchestrated His redemptive plan through eras of creation, covenants, conquests, and captivity. This method of studying Scripture shines light on the divine thread tying together everything from Adam’s first breath in Eden to the return of God’s people from Babylonian exile. As we trace these pivotal moments in order, we discover not only a cohesive story of humanity’s struggle and redemption, but also an ongoing revelation of God’s steadfast faithfulness, His eternal wisdom, and His enduring desire to dwell among His people.

609 BC

King Jehoahaz of Judah

Jehoahaz of Judah—also called Shallum—was Josiah's third son and reigned only three months in 609 BC after the people placed him on the throne (2 Kings 23:30; 2 Chronicles 36:1). Unlike his father, he "did evil in the sight of the LORD," signaling a swift reversal of Josiah's reforms (2 Kings 23:32). Pharaoh Neco, returning from Carchemish, deposed him at Riblah, imposed a heavy tribute on Judah, and carried Jehoahaz captive to Egypt where he died (2 Kings 23:33-35; 2 Chronicles 36:3-4). Jeremiah lamented that the exiled king would "not see this land again," urging Judah to "weep continually for the one who goes away" (Jeremiah 22:10-12).

Jehoahaz's short, tragic reign marks the tipping point from Josiah's renewal to Judah's unraveling. His removal by a foreign power and replacement by his brother Jehoiakim underlines how abandoning covenant faith leaves a nation vulnerable to domination (2 Kings 23:34). The people's choice could not secure blessing apart from faithful obedience; only a righteous Son of David can anchor lasting peace. Jehoahaz's fate thus foreshadows the exilic judgments to come and points beyond Judah's failing kings to the Messiah who brings a better covenant and a secure kingdom for those who trust Him (Jeremiah 23:5-6; Matthew 1:1).